PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.